Lesson Notes

Lesson 5.3a Understanding Psychoactive Drugs: Clarifying the Mechanics and Terminology

Most of you by now have had some education on drugs and drug use, but you probably have not been exposed to the psychological effects of drugs. In this lesson you will learn the difference between addiction, dependence, withdrawal, and tolerance. From the compulsion to use a drug (addiction) to the craving drug (dependence), it is important to understand the differences between these terms.

If you remember from the chapter on Biological Bases, you will remember the terms agonist and antagonist. These terms refer to how chemicals cross the synapse to a neighbouring neuron. Go over the diagram on page 187 to get a clear understanding of how chemicals mimic naturally occurring neurotransmitters. For example, cocaine has the affect of leaving excess neurotransmitters in the synapse which ultimately leads to prolonged activity in the receptor site. The problem with these drugs goes beyond the immediate affects, the problem is that they prevent the body from producing their own natural neurotransmitters when needed…hence drug addiction becomes easier.  Here is a great website to provide additional information to help you understand this section of the chapter.

Lesson 5.3b  Four Major Categories of Psychoactive Drugs: Depressants, Stimulants, Opiates, and Hallucinogens

This lesson explores the four main categories of psychoactive drugs. From Depressants to Hallucinogens, they each have differing effects on our bodies and brains. Most likely, people who use these drugs do not have the information you are presented with in this lesson. Be sure to pay close attention to:

• What are the different types in each category: For example, did you know that Rohypnol (aka the Date Rape Drug), and alcohol are considered Depressants
• The effects of the drugs: For example, although Stimulants (like coffee) can increase alertness, they can also give people a sense of power (like cocaine). Watch this video to see the effects coffee has on the body
• The undesirable effects of the drugs: For example, Opiates and Hallucinogens can cause symptoms of vomiting and even a coma (heroin) or panic and even psychosis (hallucinogens)